Effectiveness of haemodialysis access with an autologous tissue-engineered vascular graft: a multicentre cohort study

SummaryBackgroundApplication of a tissue-engineered vascular graft for small-diameter vascular reconstruction has been a long awaited and much anticipated advance for vascular surgery. We report results after a minimum of 6 months of follow-up for the first ten patients implanted with a completely biological and autologous tissue-engineered vascular graft.MethodsTen patients with end-stage renal disease who had been receiving haemodialysis through an access graft that had a high probability of failure, and had had at least one previous access failure, were enrolled from centres in Argentina and Poland between September, 2004, and April, 2007. Completely autologous tissue-engineered vascular grafts were grown in culture supplemented with bovine serum, implanted as arteriovenous shunts, and assessed for both mechanical stability during the safety phase (0–3 months) and effectiveness after haemodialysis was started.FindingsThree grafts failed within the safety phase, which is consistent with failure rates expected for this high-risk patient population. One patient was withdrawn from the study because of severe gastrointestinal bleeding shortly before implantation, and another died of unrelated causes during the safety period with a patent graft. The remaining five patients had grafts functioning for haemodialysis 6–20 months after implantation, and a total of 68 patient-months of patency. In these five patients, only one intervention (surgical correction) was needed to maintain secondary patency. Overall, primary patency was maintained in seven (78%) of the remaining nine patients 1 month after implantation and five (60%) of the remaining eight patients 6 months after implantation.InterpretationOur proportion of primary patency in this high-risk cohort approaches Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative objectives (76% of patients 3 months after implantation) for arteriovenous fistulas, averaged across all patient populations.FundingCytograft Tissue Engineering.