کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
377329 658404 2009 40 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
From the textual description of an accident to its causes
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه مهندسی کامپیوتر هوش مصنوعی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
From the textual description of an accident to its causes
چکیده انگلیسی

Every human being, reading a short report concerning a road accident, gets an idea of its causes. The work reported here attempts to enable a computer to do the same, i.e. to determine the causes of an event from a textual description of it. It relies heavily on the notion of norm for two reasons:
• The notion of cause has often been debated but remains poorly understood: we postulate that what people tend to take as the cause of an abnormal event, like an accident, is the fact that a specific norm has been violated.
• Natural Language Processing has given a prominent place to deduction, and for what concerns Semantics, to truth-based inference. However, norm-based inference is a much more powerful technique to get the conclusions that human readers derive from a text. The paper describes a complete chain of treatments, from the text to the determination of the cause. The focus is set on what is called “linguistic” and “semantico-pragmatic” reasoning. The former extracts so-called “semantic literals” from the result of the parse, and the latter reduces the description of the accident to a small number of “kernel literals” which are sufficient to determine its cause. Both of them use a non-monotonic reasoning system, viz. LPARSE and SMODELS.Several issues concerning the representation of modalities and time are discussed and illustrated by examples taken from a corpus of reports obtained from an insurance company.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Artificial Intelligence - Volume 173, Issues 12–13, August 2009, Pages 1154-1193