Factores que influyen en la resistencia a la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana

Repeated exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not always associated with infection and a subset of individuals remains persistently as HIV-seronegative despite multiple episodes of HIV exposure. These individuals are called HIV-exposed seronegatives (ESN). Several genetic and immunological factors have been involved in this resistance to HIV acquisition. Genetic factors have been linked to genes encoding chemokine receptors and their natural ligands as well as genes of the major histocompatibility complex. Immunological factors include both innate and adaptive immunity. The study of ESN provides a unique opportunity to unveil the mechanisms of natural protection against viral infection. Their better understanding may lead to novel preventive and immune-therapeutic approaches, including vaccines.