Antiphospholipid syndrome

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired autoimmune thrombophilia characterized by thrombosis (venous and/or arterial or microvascular) and/or pregnancy loss or complications in association with persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Numerous other systemic manifestations are designated in the international consensus criteria (Sydney) for diagnosis of APS as features associated with APS or non-criteria features. In recent years, research into aPL has increased our understanding of the pathogenic process and encouraged improved detection of aPL. There is growing evidence that complement activation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of APS. This review outlines the key features of APS, including the diagnostic laboratory tests and their interpretation, and offers advice regarding the management of patients with APS both in the medical and obstetric settings.