Disorders of the mouth

Disorders of the mouth, whether as a consequence of primary disease, systemic disease or treatment, may be encountered across most medical specialties. Recurrent aphthous ulceration represents the most common primary oral disease, but oral lesions may indicate active systemic disease at less accessible sites. Moreover, when oral disease is present, it may have a detrimental impact on quality of life. For these reasons it is important to be aware of the more common lesions affecting the oral cavity and to formulate a differential diagnosis appropriate for each lesion. In this article, we address the more common disorders seen in clinical practice. Distinction is made between primary oral diseases and systemic disease with oral manifestations. We have attempted to categorize systemic disease affecting the oral cavity into the medical specialties where they are likely to be encountered and for ease of reference for the general reader. Finally, we include a table of commonly used therapeutic regimens for oral disease, summarizing their mode of action and indications.