Actualización en cáncer renal

Renal cell cancer accounts for 3-5% of cancers in adults. There are different histological subtypes of neoplasm in adults. The most frequent entity is clear cell renal cancer. Different acquired risk factors as smoking or overweightness are identified. There is also a hereditary predisposition in form of 4 known genetic syndromes. This is mostly a silent tumor whose diagnosis is casually found in imaging tests since the clinical manifestations generally indicate advanced phase of the disease. Total or partial nephrectomy is currently the only curative treatment of renal cancer. Principal prognostic factors are tumor staging by TNM and Furhman nuclear grade. In recent years, very important advances in molecular biology have allowed us to know which molecular pathways are altered in this tumor and to design drugs against abnormally expressed proteins in said pathways that have meant an important advance in survival for metastatic patients.