Development of a questionnaire to assess communication preferences of patients with chronic illness

ObjectiveThe objectives of the study are to develop a patient-oriented and theory-based questionnaire on the communication preferences of chronically ill patients (KOPRA questionnaire) and to carry out psychometric testing of the instrument.MethodsFollowing two preliminary studies (focus groups, cognitive interviews), a total of 472 patients with chronic back pain or chronic ischemic heart disease were surveyed. In the main sample (N = 333), communication preferences regarding the physician were assessed; for N = 89 (or N = 50) patients, preferences regarding nursing staff (or therapists) were analyzed. Psychometric testing was done with respect to unidimensionality, fit to an item response theory (IRT) model, and for reliability. The questionnaire was developed and validated in German.ResultsIn the physician version with a total of 32 items, there are four scales (“Patient participation and patient orientation”, “Effective and open communication”, “Emotionally supportive communication”, and “Communication about personal circumstances”) that are unidimensional, fulfill the demands for a 1-parameter IRT model, and are reliable (Cronbach's alpha between .80 and .92). The psychometric properties with respect to nursing staff and therapists are slightly worse.ConclusionThe KOPRA questionnaire has good psychometric properties.Practice implicationsClinical use of the questionnaire appears useful to determine patients’ communication preferences.