Hydrocèle abdomino-scrotale compliquée d'un lymphœdème de jambe chez un nourrisson

We present a case of a 4-month-old boy with a right abdominoscrotal hydrocele associated to a compression of the femoral triangle, causing an unilateral leg edema. Abdominoscrotal ultrasound revealed a fluid collection with abdominal and scrotal components, communicating through the deep inguinal ring. Sagittal views of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a dumbbell-shaped hydrocele and the angio-MRI venous sequences confirmed the compression of the right iliac vessels. Curative treatment was surgical through an inguinal approach and consisted in high ligation of the processus vaginalis and hydrocelectomy. Abdominoscrotal hydrocele is an uncommon pathology, which rarely occurs in pediatric population. This diagnosis should be discussed when a cystic abdominal mass is associated to an ipsilateral scrotal hydrocele. The abdominal component of the hydrocele can result in compression of adjacent structures (iliac vessels, ureter). Surgical treatment is recommended. Epididymal and testicular abnormalities are frequently described, as in our observation, and the effects on the future fertility are unknown.