Sleep Disturbances in Women: Psychiatric Considerations

Women seem to have a heightened risk for developing sleep disorders compared with men; women also show a greater risk for developing some psychiatric problems including mood and anxiety disorders. The modulatory effects of sex hormones on sleep-wake behaviors and mood may contribute to this compounded risk and to the emergence of symptoms throughout the female reproductive life cycle. This article focuses on the clinical evidence for sleep disorders in women. Particular attention is paid to the hormonal and mood interactions with sleep disorders (sleep initiation and sleep maintenance) in the context of menstrual cycle changes, pregnancy, and in the menopausal years. Lastly, management strategies for sleep disorders in women are critically discussed.