General paediatric urology

Paediatric urological conditions range from those that are infrequent but severe and require referral to a specialist to those that may present to primary care physicians or adult urologists/general surgeons. The National Definitions Set No. 23 for Specialised Childrens' Services defines specialist paediatric urology. Adult general surgeons, adult urologists, general paediatric surgeons, general practitioners/primary care physicians, paediatricians and emergentologists will come across non-specialist or general paediatric urology which is referred to in this article. The management of paediatric urinary tract infection is beyond the scope of this article and readers are referred to recent guidelines issued by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Management of common conditions and indications for specialist referral are addressed.