The patient with endocrine disease

Endocrine diseases are increasingly common and are often either the primary indication for surgery or coexist in patients undergoing unrelated surgical procedures. Surgeons should have a clear understanding of the problems that the patient with endocrine disease encounters during the perioperative period and how to manage any related emergencies that may occur. This article covers the perioperative management of diabetic, thyroid and adrenal disease, including preoperative preparation and postoperative complications. It also discusses the emergency management of related endocrinological crises that may occur in patients with undiagnosed or diagnosed endocrine disease.