Expert systems and evolutionary computing for financial investing: A review

This innovative, experimental approach to a literature review begins with queries for finance-related articles to the Expert Systems with Applications literature database. A classification language is constructed, and retrieved articles are systematic indexed. Hypotheses are offered about the patterns in the distribution of indexed concepts. Results include that authors tended to use expert systems tools in the early 1990s but evolutionary computation tools in mid-2000s. However, the most common financial application area in both the earlier and later periods was financial accounting. One trend in the latest work is to merge both knowledge-based and evolutionary approaches. Opportunities exist to reuse the knowledge bases built for the financial accounting work for speculative investing.