Indoxyl Sulfate Reduces Klotho Expression and Promotes Senescence in the Kidneys of Hypertensive Rats

Administration of indoxyl sulfate to hypertensive rats reduced renal expression of klotho and promoted cell senescence with expression of senescence-related proteins, such as p16INK4a, p21WAF1/CIP1, p53, and Rb, which was accompanied by renal fibrosis.