Uremia-Related Oxidative Stress in Leukocytes Is Not Triggered by β2-Microglobulin

This study suggests that B2M, a traditional marker for middle molecule retention and a novel marker for cardiovascular outcome, may not by itself cause vascular damage by influencing inflammatory response due to induction of leukocyte free radical production. However, an effect on other cell types involved cannot be excluded. Our data further reveal that this type of research might be skewed by non-LPS contaminants, and that care should be taken to exclude this bias.