5-Year Outcome of a Randomized Prospective Study Comparing bacillus Calmette-Guérin with Epirubicin and Interferon-α2b in Patients with T1 Bladder Cancer

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin was more effective than the tested combination therapy. The currently recommended management with second resection and 3-week maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guérin entails a low risk of cancer specific death. More aggressive treatment in patients with infiltrative tumors at second resection might improve these results. In particular, concomitant carcinoma in situ was not a predictive factor for poor outcome after bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy.