Ipsilateral leg swelling after renal transplantation as an alarming sign of Iliac vein stenosis

Iliac vein stenosis is a rare vascular complication of renal transplantation that may compromise allograft function if not recognized and corrected in a timely fashion. Because chronic venous stenosis may remain undiagnosed for several years, a high index of suspicion should be maintained until diagnosing this rare disease. A 56-year-old renal transplant recipient presented with unilateral leg swelling and renal dysfunction 16 years after transplantation. Computed tomography excluded deep vein thrombosis and revealed tight iliac vein stenosis on the side of the renal transplant. Following angiographic confirmation of the stenosis, endovascular treatment was successfully performed with a purposefully designed, self-expanding, venous stent. Ipsilateral leg swelling is an alarming sign for the diagnosis of iliac vein stenosis after renal transplantation. Percutaneous intervention with venous stent placement seems to be a safe and effective treatment of this rare condition.