Effect of Antiepileptic Agent, Levetiracetam, on Urodynamic Parameters and Neurogenic Bladder Overactivity in Chronically Paraplegic Rats

ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of different levetiracetam (LEV) doses on urodynamic parameters in an animal model of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO).MethodsA total of 54 female rats were studied. Of the 54 rats, 6 served as normal controls, and 48 underwent T10 spinal cord transection (SCT). Of the latter 48 rats, 12 were paraplegic controls, and the remaining 36 rats were divided into 3 equal subgroups that received LEV by way of a subcutaneous osmotic minipump at a dose of 17, 54, and 108 mg/kg daily, respectively. The paraplegic control and treatment groups were further subdivided (n = 6), and cystometry was performed at 3 and 4 weeks after SCT, respectively.ResultsAll paraplegic controls developed NDO, with spontaneous contractions. At 3 and 4 weeks after SCT, the mean frequency of the contractions was 1.6 ± 0.3/min and 1.7 ± 0.2/min. The contraction amplitude and bladder capacity were not significantly different. After 1 week of LEV treatment, these urodynamic parameters improved significantly in a dose-dependent manner, and the changes were more striking at 2 weeks. At a LEV dosage of 17, 54, and 108 mg/kg, respectively, the NDO frequency increased from 1.7 ± 0.3 to 0.7 ± 0.2 contractions/min (P = .01), 0.48 ± 0.16 contractions/min (P = .009), and 0.5 ± 0.17 contractions/min (P = .01). The bladder capacity increased from 0.51 ± 0.1 mL to 1.5 ± 0.2 mL (P = .0001), 2.5 ± 1.7 mL (P = .006), and 2.6 ± 0.3 mL (P = .0003), and the micturition pressure improved from 105.8 ± 6.9 to 73.8 ± 6.8 cm H2O (P = .01), 58.6 ± 8.9 cm H2O (P = .006), and 49.7 ± 8.9 cm H2O (P = .002).ConclusionsThe results of our study have shown that LEV is an effective treatment of NDO after SCT in rats. It might prove to be a novel, alternative therapeutic approach to NDO. The follow-up of these experimental results with a clinical trial is warranted.