Lactate in cord blood and its relation to fetal gluconeogenesis in at term deliveries

• In the human fetus, increased lactate and glucose levels can be anticipated when hypoxia and stress are present.
• We assessed if measurement of lactate in cord artery blood at birth may predict glucose concentration.
• The cord artery blood lactate concentration at birth is significantly and positively correlated with glucose level.

BackgroundIn the human fetus, an increased lactate and glucose level can be anticipated when hypoxia and stress are present and is likely to be a function of both anaerobic metabolism and catecholamine-mediated glycogenolysis/glycolysis.AimWe assessed if measurement of lactate in cord artery blood after vaginal and cesarean delivery may predict glucose concentration.Study designUmbilical artery cord blood lactacidemia, acidemia, and glucose concentration was tested by ‘mini-lab’ Radiometer ABL90 FLEX analyzers (Radiometer®, Copenhagen, Denmark) after vaginal delivery (VD), spontaneous (n = 493) and by vacuum extractor (n = 41) or by cesarean delivery (CD), elective (n = 120) and emergency (n = 68) in at term, vigorous neonates delivered from March to December 2012 at the 2nd level maternity ward of Policlinico Abano Terme, Abano Terme (Italy).ResultsCord blood lactacidemia and glucose levels were significantly higher in VD by vacuum extractor than in all other groups (5.32 ± 1.96 mmol/L, p = 0.050 and 103.6 ± 30.5 mg/dL, p < 0.001, respectively) and significantly lower in elective CD group (1.77 ± 0.99 mmol/L, p < 0.001 and 69.8 ± 13.0 mg/dL, p < 0.001). The cord blood lactate concentration was significantly and positively correlated with glucose levels (r = 0.434, p < 0.001), but significantly and negatively correlated with pH (r = − 0,662, p < 0.001), NaHCO3− (r = − 0,802, p < 0.001), and base excess (BE) (r = − 0,698, p < 0.001). However, in multivariate linear regression analysis, only BE, PaCO2 and cord blood lactate were significant predictive variables (R2 = 0.410; p < 0.001) of glucose levels at birth.ConclusionCord blood artery lactate and glucose concentration are significantly and positively correlated at birth in healthy, at term vaginally and cesarean delivered neonates, but BE is the best indicator of activated fetal gluconeogenesis.