Expression and localization of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 protein in the chorionic villi in early normal and spontaneous abortion

Abundant mTNFR1 expression in the cytotrophoblast cells in women with SA may mediate TNFα to induce programmed cell death in the mTNFR1-expressing cytotrophoblasts to limit their growth. The over-expressing mTNFR1 in villous stromal cells, mediating TNFα effects, may cause pathological changes or tissue damage in chorionic villi locally in nonviable pregnancies.