Hypospadias

Hypospadias repair is one of the more common operations in pediatric urology centers, with an incidence of 1 in 200 to 1 in 300. This review provides an overview of the prevalence, epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of this condition. Indications for hypospadias repair and preoperative hormonal treatment are discussed. The principles of the different operations and their countless modifications are explained.Hypospadias repair has a long and flat learning curve and requires patience, experience, and great enthusiasm to achieve acceptable results. The results published on the various operative techniques need to be repeated and validated by other surgeons, and long-term results (up to adulthood) are essential to justify operative methods and identify late complications.