Y-chromosome AZFc structural architecture and relationship to male fertility

ObjectiveTo determine if there is a relationship between various forms of partial AZFc deletions and spermatogenic failure.DesignCase-control study.SettingInfertility clinic (Tenon Hospital, Paris).Patient(s)557 men, comprising 364 infertile men from mixed ethnic backgrounds, and 193 men with known fertility (n = 84) and/or normospermic (n = 109).Intervention(s)Characterization of 32 partial AZFc deletions.Main Outcome Measure(s)DAZ gene cluster divided into two families (DAZ1/2 and DAZ3/4), CDY1 gene, and Y-chromosome haplogroups.Result(s)We observed 18 partial AZFc deletions in 364 (4.95%) infertile men compared with 14 out of 193 (7.25%) in the control normospermic/fertile group.Conclusion(s)The analysis of informative Y-chromosome single nucleotide variants combined with Y-chromosome haplogroup definition enabled us to infer seven deletion classes that occur on a minimum of six Y-chromosome parental architectures. We found no relationship between either the presence or the absence of DAZ1/2, DAZ3/4, CDY1a, or CDY1b with spermatogenic failure at least on one Y-chromosome lineage. The DAZ dosage and Southern blot analyses indicated that the majority of individuals tested carried two copies of the DAZ gene, indicating a partial AZFc deletion. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that, at least in our study populations, partial AZFc deletions may have a limited impact on fertility.