The production of vascular endothelial growth factor and metalloproteinase via protease-activated receptor in human endometrial stromal cells

ObjectiveTo measure the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) induced by thrombin in endometrial stromal cells (ESC).DesignEvaluation of the effects of thrombin, thrombin receptor activator peptide 6 (TRAP-6), and d-phenylalanyl-1-propyl-l arginine chloromethyl ketone (PPACK) on the production of VEGF and MMPs by ESC.SettingResearch laboratory at the Oita University Medical School.Patient(s)Eight endometrial specimens in the secretory phase.Intervention(s)ESC were incubated for 24 hours with thrombin, TRAP-6, and PPACK.Main Outcome Measure(s)The levels of VEGF, MMP-1, and active MMP-2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The presence of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) and activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase were detected by Western blot analysis.Result(s)Following stimulation by thrombin and TRP-6, the production of VEGF, MMP-1, and active MMP-2 statistically significantly increased; U0126 and PPACK statistically significantly suppressed the increases in the production of VEGF, MMP-1, and active MMP-2 induced by thrombin and TRAP-6. Activity by MAP kinase was induced by treatment with thrombin and TRAP-6 and was suppressed by PPACK.Conclusion(s)The results suggest that thrombin stimulates the production of VEGF and MMPs by a mechanism involving the MAP kinase system. The increases in VEGF and MMPs may contribute to neovascularization, which promotes the proliferation of endometrium and placentation.