Expression and cyclic variations of catechol-O-methyl transferase in human endometrial stroma

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) in the regulation of estrogen metabolism in human endometrium.DesignLaboratory study.SettingAcademic research laboratory.Intervention(s)Immunohistochemistry was used to localize COMT protein in human endometrial tissues. Catechol-O-methyl transferase promoter–luciferace reporter gene transactivation assay was used to assess COMT promoter activity in response to estrogen and progesterone treatment in primary human endometrial stroma (pHES) cells. Catechol-O-methyl transferase protein and mRNA expression were determined by Western blot and/or real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effect of 2-methoxy estrogen treatment on DNA proliferation, B-cell lymphoma 2, and vascular epithelial growth factor protein expression were assessed by Hoechst and Western blot analyses, respectively.Main Outcome Measure(s)Catechol-O-methyl transferase protein and mRNA subcellular localization and expression in human endometrial tissues and pHES cells.Result(s)Catechol-O-methyl transferase protein expression in human endometrial tissues was up-regulated in the proliferative phase and down-regulated in the midsecretory phase of the menstrual cycle. Estrogen induced a dose-dependent increase in COMT proximal promotor–luciferace transactivation in pHES cells whereas progesterone inhibited it. Estrogen up-regulated soluble COMT protein isoform expression whereas the addition of progesterone down-regulated it in pHES cells. High doses of 2-methoxy estrogen inhibited endometrial stroma cell proliferation, and down-regulated B-cell lymphoma 2 and vascular epithelial growth factor protein expression.Conclusion(s)Catechol-O-methyl transferase expression is hormonally regulated in human endometrial stroma. Catechol-O-methyl transferase product, 2-methoxy estrogen, inhibited endometrial stroma cell proliferation and decreased vascular epithelial growth factor and B-cell lymphoma 2 protein expression.