Absence of paternal accessory sex glands dysregulates preimplantation embryo cell cycle and causes early oviductal-uterine transit in the golden hamster in vivo

We hypothesize that deletion of paternal accessory sex glands compromised developmental potential of preimplantation embryos because of dysregulation of blastomeric cell cycle regulators. Quantification by immunocytochemistry showed disrupted cyclicity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, augmented p53 and p21 expression, and premature transit from oviduct to uterus.