Clinical outcomes of definitive chemoradiation followed by intracavitary pulsed-dose rate image-guided adaptive brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer

• Image-guided brachytherapy in combination with concomitant chemoradiation provides high local control rates in locally advanced cervical cancer.
• Clear dose–effect correlations between dose to clinical target volumes and local control probability exist.
• Interstitial brachytherapy is mandatory to reach high doses in advanced staged diseases.

ObjectiveTo report the outcomes and late toxicities of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with concomitant chemoradiation (CRT) followed by intracavitary image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT).MethodsData from consecutive patients with histologically proven stage IB-IVA cervical cancer treated with curative intent in a single institution were analyzed. After pelvic +/− para-aortic external-beam radiation therapy, they received pulsed-dose rate IGABT following GEC-ESTRO recommendations.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty-five patients were enrolled. Sixty-five percent were stage ≥ IIB according to FIGO classification. Ninety-five percent received CRT. Mean D90 to HR and IR-CTV were 80.4 +/− 10.3 Gy and 67.7 +/− 6.1 Gy. After a median follow-up of 38.8 months, 3-year local control and overall survival rates were 86.4% and 76.1%, respectively. A trend for a detrimental effect of tumor stage on local control rates was observed with 3-year local control rates of 100% for stages IB1 and IIA, 90.5 for IB2, 85.8% for IIB, 50% for IIIA, 77.1 for IIIB, and 66.7% for IVA tumors (p = 0.06). Local control rates at 3 years were 95.6% in the group of patients with D90 of HR-CTV ≥ 85 Gy, 88.8% in those with D90 between 80 and 85 Gy, and 80% when D90 < 80 Gy (p = 0.018). Eighteen severe late gastrointestinal and urinary effects affecting 14 patients were reported corresponding with a crude incidence of 6.6%.ConclusionsCRT followed by IGABT provides high local control rates with limited toxicity. Reaching high doses is mandatory to achieve local control and interstitial brachytherapy is necessary in advanced diseases.