Kisspeptin-10 inhibits bone-directed migration of GPR54-positive breast cancer cells: Evidence for a dose–window effect

ObjectivesThe KiSS-1 gene product is absent or expressed at low level in metastatic breast cancer compared with their nonmetastatic counterparts. A deca-peptide derived from the KiSS-1 gene product, designated kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10), activates a receptor coupled to Gαq subunits (GPR54 or KiSS-1R).In this study we have analyzed whether Kp-10 treatment affects bone-directed migration of GPR54-positive breast cancer cells.MethodsGPR54 expression was analyzed using immune cytochemistry. Bone-directed breast cancer cell invasion was measured by assessment of the breast cancer cell migration rate through an artificial basement membrane. Chemokine receptor CXCR4 and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) mRNA expression was quantified using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. CXCR4 protein expression and SDF-1 protein secretion were measured using the western blot technique.ResultsBreast cancer cell invasion was increased when cocultured with MG63 osteoblast-like cells. Treatment with KP-10 reduced the ability to invade a reconstituted basement membrane and to migrate in response to the cellular stimulus. This effect was significant in a dose–window of 10− 9 M to 10− 11 M.Searching for the molecular mechanisms we found that KP-10 treatment significantly reduces expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 by the breast cancer cells. In addition, expression and secretion of its ligand SDF-1 by the MG63 cells were significantly reduced. Furthermore, SDF-1-induced CXCR4 signaling was down-regulated.ConclusionsThese data represent the first report that KP-10 inhibits bone-directed migration of GPR54-positive breast cancer cells. In addition, we found evidence for a KP-10 dose–window effect. Furthermore, the SDF-1/CXCR4 system seems to be involved in the anti-migratory action of KP-10.