Primary repair of rectovaginal fistulas complicating pelvic surgery by gracilis myocutaneous flap

ObjectivesComplex rectovaginal fistulas repair are extremely challenging. Various surgical options have been suggested; nevertheless, none had been universally accepted as the procedure of choice. This prospective study discusses a novel surgical technique using gracilis myocutaneous flap interposition.MethodsEleven patients had fistulas post-resection of pelvic malignancy (n = 10) and rectal endometriosis (n = 1). Primary treatment was pelvic resection; nevertheless, 6 cases had adjuvant chemo-irradiation, 2 cases had post-operative irradiation and 2 patients had chemotherapy only. Fistulas mean diameter was 2 ± 0.24 cm (1–3) and 8 patients (72.7%) had their fistulas in the middle vaginal third.Repair was wide debridement of fistulas margins followed by gracilis myocutaneous flap interposition with synchronous diverting stomas. Success was defined as healing of fistula after stomal closure.ResultsFive patients were repaired by single gracilis myocutaneous flaps, 2 cases by simple gracilis muscle and 4 cases by double gracilis myocutaneous flaps. Patients had a mean follow-up time of 34.8 ± 5.03 months (12–67) and all patients had definitive healing of their fistulas (100%). Median time to stoma closure was 2 months (1–5). Four women (36.4%) had at least one early postoperative complications including temporary leak (n = 3), vaginal sepsis (n = 1), partial skin paddle necrosis (n = 1) and donor limb deep venous thrombosis (n = 1). Late morbidities were seen in 3 cases (27.3%) including vaginal stricture, anorectal anastomotic stricture and anastomotic tumor recurrence.ConclusionRectovaginal septum repair requires adequate debridement of necrotic devascularized tissues, tissue transposition and reconstruction of vaginal wall. Gracilis myocutaneous flaps are ideal for this issue.

Research Highlights
► Complex rectovaginal fistula repair.
► Gracilis myocutaneous flap interposition.