Fetal growth restriction: investigation and treatment

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality and is associated with an increased risk of adult diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. There are many causes, but most cases of FGR are due to idiopathic placental insufficiency. Delivery is the only practical treatment option, but management needs to be tailored to maximise maturity while minimising the risks of continuation of pregnancy. Doppler studies of the fetal arterial and venous circulation play a pivotal role in the management of this condition. The current review focuses on the aetiology and management of FGR caused by placental insufficiency.