Caesarean section: techniques and complications

Almost a quarter of deliveries in the UK are performed by caesarean section. The technique has changed very little over the years but safety rates have improved greatly; mainly due to improved pre-operative planning. There is widespread debate regarding the benefits of caesarean section compared with vaginal delivery. Guidance from the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence has aided clinicians in the counselling of patients about the risks and benefits of the procedure. It is essential to maintain good surgical training as the number of difficult procedures is increasing due to the rise in the rate of repeat caesarean sections. Surgical techniques are discussed along with complications associated with this common procedure.