The postmenopausal bladder

Relative oestrogen deficiency of the menopause seems to be an important contributing factor to urinary dysfunction in women. Recurrent urinary tract infections, genitourinary atrophy, urinary urgency and urinary incontinence have substantial effects on the quality of life in postmenopausal women. This article provides an overview on the aetiology and diagnosis of postmenopausal urinary dysfunction and reviews the evidence for the role of hormone therapy in its treatment.