Solvability and solutions for bus-type extended load flow

In traditional load flow calculation, only three types of buses, PQ, PV, and Vθ, are generally specified. To accommodate the integration of new kinds of power equipment and flexible load flow control facilities, extra bus types are needed in load flow model. The load flow model incorporated with all possible bus types is named as bus-type extended load flow (BELF) for short in this paper. Both Newton–Raphson and decoupled BELF solutions are developed. An important problem for BELF is its solvability, which is carefully studied and topology-based criteria are proposed to ascertain BELF’s solvability. Numerical tests are carried out to verify the convergence of the BELF solution and the correctness of the proposed solvability criteria.

► The characteristics of bus type extended load flow model is analyzed.
► Both Newton–Raphson and decoupled BELF solutions are developed.
► The solvability problem of BELF is studied and topology-based criteria are proposed to ascertain BELF’s solvability.