Penetration impact of wind farms equipped with frequency variations ride through algorithm on power system frequency response

Focus of power system engineers is currently directed to the impact of wind power on system frequency. Research efforts concentrate on the ability of wind farms to contribute in the frequency droop events by injecting active power to the grid. This paper presents a detailed analysis for the effect of wind farm connection to a certain power system on the system frequency response. Most of wind farm parameters were considered, namely, the actual wind speeds, wake effects inside the wind farm, the different arrangements of wind turbines inside the wind farm and pitch control mechanism. Moreover, the major data of a h power system were included; different conventional generation technologies and their suitable speed governors. In addition, instant dynamic load variations were implemented. Five case studies were conducted through this system to test the system frequency attitude during normal operation and in case of sudden and large load changes. Three basic values are used to estimate the mentioned impact; the time needed to reach the safe margin after a certain droop, the RMS value of frequency deviation after the fault initiation by a given fixed time span and the maximum frequency drop for each event. All the previously stated studies are performed using MATLAB and Simulink simulations depending on real wind speeds data.

► This paper presents a detailed algorithm for the WT ride through frequency droop events in a power system.
► All the effective and major factors in the power system and wind farm are considered and simulated.
► Different conditions and restrictions related to wind speeds simulation are implemented.
► Detailed studies for the system frequency response in case of normal and fault operations were conducted.
► The criterion used to replace the conventional generator caused a slight deviation in the performance of the system.