Cystic masses of the supraclavicular fossa: clinical features and diagnostic strategies

PurposeCystic masses of the supraclavicular fossa (SCF) are uncommon. The diverse anatomical structures within the SCF create an extended differential diagnosis for any mass arising in the SCF. This study describes the presenting symptoms, radiologic findings, medical and surgical management, and posttreatment outcomes of various cystic mass presenting in the SCF. A review of the literature and diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are also provided.MethodsA retrospective study of an academic tertiary care head and neck cancer center was done. Seven cases of treated cystic masses of the SCF were identified. Diagnostic and therapeutic interventions are described.ResultsCross-sectional imaging and needle aspiration or biopsy were obtained in all 7 cases. Aspirates accurately differentiated benign from malignant lesions in 6 cases, identified the offending pathology in 3 cases, and provided inoculum for culture-directed antibiotic therapy in 1 case. Surgical intervention was used for definitive therapy in 6 cases. All patients achieved complete resolution of signs and symptoms of the mass.ConclusionsEffective evaluation of a cystic lesion within the SCF mandates a thorough understanding of the anatomy and differential diagnosis. A well-defined algorithm allows successful management of benign and malignant lesions in the SCF.