Minimal-change nephrotic syndrome preceding Hodgkin lymphoma by 5 years with expression of tumor necrosis factor α in Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cells

SummaryA 76-year-old man developed minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (NS). After treatment with prednisolone failed to induce sustained remission, cyclosporin was added. The NS improved, and prednisolone and cyclosporin doses were gradually decreased. However, he had repeated relapses of the syndrome, and at each relapse, the drug doses were increased. After 5 years, the patient developed left inguinal lymphadenopathy. The histological diagnosis was mixed cellularity classical Hodgkin lymphoma. He received 6 courses of ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine), and mixed cellularity classical Hodgkin lymphoma and NS both showed complete response. Although the association between Hodgkin lymphoma and minimal-change NS is well known, the pathogenesis is unknown. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of minimal-change NS associated with Hodgkin lymphoma in which Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cells were immunostained for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) clearly demonstrating that Hodgkin–Reed–Sternberg produced TNF-α and in which the plasma level of TNF-α normalized after improvement of Hodgkin lymphoma by chemotherapy. The production of TNF-α by Hodgkin–Reed–Sternberg cells might play a key role as a potential mediator of minimal-change NS.