Sustained Developmental Effects of the Infant Behavioral Assessment and Intervention Program in Very Low Birth Weight Infants at 5.5 Years Corrected Age

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of the Infant Behavioral Assessment and Intervention Program (IBAIP) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants on cognitive, neuromotor, and behavioral development at 5.5 years corrected age (CA).Study designIn a randomized controlled trial, 86 VLBW infants received post discharge IBAIP intervention until 6 months CA, and 90 VLBW infants received standard care. At 5.5 years CA, cognitive and motor development, and visual-motor integration were assessed with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, third Dutch version, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, second edition, and the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration. Neurologic conditions were assessed with the neurologic examination according to Touwen, and behavior with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.ResultsAt 5.5 years CA, 69 children in the intervention and 67 children in the control group participated (response rate 77.3%). Verbal and performance IQ-scores <85 occurred significantly less often in the intervention than in the control group (17.9% vs 33.3%, P = .041, and 7.5% vs 21.2%, P = .023, respectively). However, after adjustment for differences, only the OR for performance IQ was significant: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.06-0.95. Adjusted mean scores on Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, third version subtasks block design and vocabulary, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, second edition component aiming and catching, and the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration were significantly better in the intervention group. No intervention effect was found on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.ConclusionThe IBAIP leads, 5 years after the early neurobehavioral intervention, to improvements on performance IQ, ball skills, and visual-motor integration at 5.5 years CA.