Mild traumatic brain injury in children

Head injury occurs frequently in childhood and results in approximately 500,000 emergency department visits and over $1 billion in costs annually. Nearly 75% of these children are ultimately diagnosed with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), a misnomer because many will have radiographically identified intracranial injuries and long-term consequences. Identification of the brain at risk and prevention of secondary injury is associated with the largest reduction in head trauma morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the current literature to discuss the initial evaluation, management, and long-term outcomes in children sustaining MTBI.