Safe in the City: Effective Prevention Interventions for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted Infections

BackgroundThe public health literature documents the efficacy–effectiveness gap between research and practice resulting from the research priority of demonstrating efficacy at the expense of testing for effectiveness.PurposeThe Safe in the City video-based HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention intervention designed for sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic waiting rooms is presented as a case study to demonstrate the application of a new framework to bridge efficacy and effectiveness. The goal of the study is to determine the extent to which clinics are implementing the intervention.MethodsAs part of the case study, data were collected from a convenience sample of 81 publicly funded STD clinics during program implementation to determine whether clinics were showing the video. A baseline telephone survey was administered to clinic directors from November to December 2008, and a follow-up was conducted from March to May 2009. Data analysis was completed in 2009.ResultsAt baseline, 41% of STD clinics were showing Safe in the City, which increased to 58% at follow-up. None reported previous implementation of behavioral interventions delivered in waiting rooms. Almost one fourth of clinics adapted the intervention by showing the video on laptop computers in examination rooms or in other venues with different audiences.ConclusionsThe Safe in the City intervention was implemented by the majority of STD clinics and adapted for implementation. The framework for HIV/STI prevention intervention illustrates how measures of effectiveness were increased in the development, evaluation, dissemination, implementation and sustainability phases of research and program.