Screening Participation Predictors for People at Familial Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

ContextPeople with a family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) are at increased risk of developing the disease. Information on the screening practices of this segment of the population is scarce.Evidence acquisitionA systematic review was conducted of observational studies to identify factors associated with CRC screening participation for people at increased risk due to family history of the disease.MEDLINE, Cinahl Information Sevices, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched comprehensively between January 1995 and May 2012 to identify relevant articles. To be included, studies had to report on screening for people who had at least one first-degree relative with CRC, have described the study design, and reported on at least two predictors of adherence to CRC screening using a multivariate analysis.Evidence synthesisThe search identified a total of 4986 articles, of which ten met the review's inclusion criteria. There were important inconsistencies among studies in the factors that were associated with screening. Receiving recommendations from clinicians was the most consistent predictor identified across studies. The review also revealed a consistent pattern of association with predictors related to familial aspects of CRC, such as strength of family history, and relationship to the affected relative. Among the psychological constructs, “social influence” emerged as the most consistent predictor of screening participation.ConclusionsThis review provides evidence that clinicians, as well as use of family history and social networks, offer the most promising avenues to promoting and improving screening participation by individuals at increased risk of colorectal cancer.