Effect of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Regulatory T Cells in Ovariectomized Mice

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between regulatory T (Treg) cells and postmenopausal osteoporosis and the antiosteoporotic effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] in relation to Treg cells.MethodsFifty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: the basal control (BAS), Sham, ovariectomy (OVX), OVX+diethylstilbestrol (OVX+DES), and OVX+1,25(OH)2D3. Tibias were harvested and processed with decalcification for quantitative bone histomorphometry. Femurs were stained by immunohistochemistry to detect Foxp3 protein expression. Spleens were used to detect Treg and Foxp3 gene expression by flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively.ResultsIn comparison with the Sham group, a significant decrease was found in the OVX group in such indices as trabecular bone volume/total tissue area (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th). 1,25(OH)2D3 and DES partly prevented the decrease in BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th in OVX mice. Treg cell number, Foxp3 mRNA expression in spleen and Foxp3 protein expression in femur significantly decreased in the OVX-treated group compared with those in the sham group. 1,25(OH)2D3 and DES significantly increased Treg cell number and Foxp3 expression. Treg cells and Foxp3 gene expression were related to bone histomorphometric parameters.ConclusionThe decrease in Treg cell numbers is relevant to the postmenopausal osteoporosis. The antiosteoporosis of 1,25(OH)2D3 is related to regulatory T cells.