Risk assessment of pneumothorax and pulmonary haemorrhage complicating percutaneous co-axial cutting needle lung biopsy

SummaryIntroductionThe primary aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of radiologists to accurately estimate pneumothorax and pulmonary haemorrhage during percutaneous co-axial cutting needle CT-guided lung biopsy.MethodologyPatients undergoing cutting needle lung biopsy during the study period were identified; the path taken by the cutting needle marked on each pre-biopsy staging CT scan. Each scan was then reviewed independently by two thoracic radiologists blinded to clinical details and complications; pneumothorax and pulmonary haemorrhage risk estimated with a percentage Visual Analogue Scale.ResultsIn 134 patients, pneumothorax occurred in 24%. The radiologists differed in the estimation of pneumothorax risk in 55% (74 episodes). When pneumothorax risk was estimated <20% by radiologists 1 and 2, 16% and 14% of biopsies resulted in pneumothorax; where risk was estimated at 20–49%, pneumothorax incidence rose to 33% and 31%; where risk was deemed ≥50%, pneumothorax rate was 87% and 100%. Pulmonary haemorrhage occurred in 4%; estimated haemorrhage risk for biopsies complicated by haemorrhage did not differ significantly from where haemorrhage did not occur.ConclusionRadiologists differ markedly in the estimation of pneumothorax risk for a patient undergoing co-axial lung biopsy. Identifying individual patients developing pneumothorax was only possible when risk was estimated at ≥50%. Pulmonary haemorrhage was uncommon and difficult to predict accurately.