Faut-il implanter le dépistage du cancer bronchique dans notre pays et à quelles conditions ?

Annual screening with low-dose CT-scan demonstrated a 20% lung cancer mortality decrease as well as a 6.7% overall mortality decrease compared to chest radiographs. However, some inconveniences are sometimes put forward to counteract screening implementation : overdiagnosis bias, radiation risk, quality of life and anxiety, high false-positive rate, unknown cost, and possible negative impact on tobacco control. All these points were debated in recent publications. Most of them showed that benefits for lung cancer screening oversize inconveniences. Indeed, most of American academic societies are now recommending low-dose CT-scan-based lung cancer in routine. In France, no recommendations have been published. However, a taskforce proposed a common statement for screening in smoker (current or former) aged 55-74 years, with more than 30 pack-years, including a smoking cessation program, and a strict interpretation and work-up strategy. Some trials are expected in France as acted in the 2014-2019 cancer plan.