Spécificités de la VNI chez l'enfant

The indications of NIV in children are daytime hypercapnia, a history of a severe respiratory exacerbation and nocturnal hypoventilation. Clinical signs of the latter may lack in children, underlying the need for systematic sleep studies with recording of nocturnal gas exchange in children with neuromuscular disease. Monitoring may alternate home and hospital recordings. NIV interfaces may cause facial deformities. Cough assisted techniques must be associated to NIV in children with neuromuscular disease. Finally, the management of these children must be performed in specialized multidisciplinary centers.