Dynamic functional connectivity among neuronal population during modulation of extra-classical receptive field in primary visual cortex

• The surround modulation (SM) of the population response in V1 was analyzed.
• The connection matrix of a neuron group was estimated with Granger causality method.
• The functional connectivity varied much between underlying and without SM.
• The V1 operates as a dynamic network, connecting differently under various tasks.

The neuronal activity evoked by stimuli confined in a receptive field can be modulated by surround stimuli of the extra-classical receptive field (eCRF). The surrounding modulation, hypothesized to be the basis of visual feature integration and figure-ground segregation, has drawn much attention in the field of neuroscience and engineering. However, most studies focused on surround modulation of individual neuronal response. In this study, we analyzed surround modulation of the population response recorded from rat primary visual cortex, and further investigated dynamic functional connectivity modulated by the surrounding stimuli. The functional connectivity was estimated using Granger causality (GC) and then determined by thresholding the p-matrix with different significance α values. Four scalar indexes were calculated to describe the functional connectivity of neuronal population: averaged connection strength (mGC), connection density (D), clustering coefficient (C) and path length (L). The statistical results from 5 rats showed that these network characteristics were dynamically changed during modulation of surrounding stimuli, which suggested that the neuronal population may connect in a dynamic way during modulation of eCRF. We further guessed that the neurons may happened to be organized in a more efficient way underlying surrounding modulation conditions, which helps to process larger images efficiently with the same number of neurons. This study provided new insights for a better understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms responsible for surround modulation.