کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
4333724 1294749 2010 27 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Voltage-gated calcium channels in the etiopathogenesis and treatment of absence epilepsy
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری علم عصب شناسی علوم اعصاب (عمومی)
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
Voltage-gated calcium channels in the etiopathogenesis and treatment of absence epilepsy
چکیده انگلیسی

Voltage-gated calcium channels are key elements in regulating neuronal excitability and are thus of central importance in the pathogenesis of various forms of epilepsies. Among these, absence epilepsies represent about 10% of epileptic seizures in humans. They are electroencephalographically characterized by bilateral synchronous spike-wave discharge activity associated with loss or severe impairment of consciousness. Extensive studies during the last decades revealed that pathophysiologically increased oscillatory activity, i.e., hyperoscillation within the reticulothalamocortical circuitry, is the electrophysiological correlate of absence epilepsy, with extrathalamocortical structures, e.g., brainstem and cerebellum, projecting to the thalamocortical circuitry, thereby modulating its activity. Voltage-gated calcium channels are one of the central players regulating the transition from tonic to rebound burst-firing modes in both thalamic relay and reticular thalamic nucleus neurons, the burst-firing mode being the substrate of the thalamocortical oscillation. Thus, pharmacological interference with these channels enables effective control of spike-wave discharge activity in patients suffering from absence seizures. In this review, we summarize the medical history of absence epilepsies, their classification and terminology, the diagnostic armamentarium available today and the etiopathogenesis of absences. Finally, various antiepileptic drugs that have been proven to or are supposed to exert anti-absence effects are discussed with respect to their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Brain Research Reviews - Volume 62, Issue 2, March 2010, Pages 245–271
نویسندگان
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