A new multi-electrode array design for chronic neural recording, with independent and automatic hydraulic positioning

We report on a new microdrive design, which enables the construction of multi-electrode arrays capable of chronically recording the multi-unit neural activity of waking animals. Our principal motivation for inventing this device was to simplify the task of positioning electrodes, which consumes a considerable amount of time and requires a high level of skill. With the new microdrives, each electrode is independently and automatically driven into place. A hydraulic drive system is adopted to reduce the size, weight, and cost of the structure. The hydraulic fluid is also used as a part of the electrical circuit, and facilitates the wiring of the electrodes. A routing system has been attached to reduce the number of tube connections. The microdrive is cylindrical, has a diameter of 23.5 mm, a height of 37 mm, and a weight of 15 g. It allows for up to 22 electrodes, which are arranged on a 0.35 mm grid. Each electrode can be positioned at any depth up to approximately 4 mm. The microdrive was evaluated under acute and chronic recording experiments, and is shown to be capable of automatically positioning each electrode and successfully recording the neural signals of waking rats.