Noradrenergic regulation of period1 expression in spinal astrocytes is involved in protein kinase A, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation mediated by α1- and β2-adrenoceptors

▶Noradrenaline increased expression of Per1, Cry1, Cry2 and Bmal1 mRNA in spinal astrocytes. ▶That response was attenuated by transfection of Per1 siRNA. ▶Both α1- and β2-adrenergic receptor activation cause Per1 expression. ▶ERK, JNK and PKA activation are involved in NA-induced Per1 mRNA expression. ▶Both of CREB and c-Jun phosphorylation are involved in NA-induced Per1 expression.