Neuronal circuits that regulate feeding behavior and metabolism

• POMC and NPY/AgRP neurons have been prototypes in the study of food intake and glucose homeostasis.
• Recent advances have illuminated neuronal circuits that control feeding behavior and metabolism.
• An understanding of food intake and metabolism requires integration of evolving technologies.

Neurons within the central nervous system receive humoral and central (neurotransmitter or neuropeptide) signals that ultimately regulate ingestive behavior and metabolism. Recent advances in mouse genetics combined with neuroanatomical and electrophysiological techniques have contributed to a better understanding of these central mechanisms. This review integrates recently defined cellular mechanisms and neural circuits relevant to the regulation of feeding behavior, energy expenditure, and glucose homeostasis by metabolic signals.