Genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition in the Fusarium oxysporum species complex

• Fusarium oxysporum species boundaries explored by genealogical concordance.
• 17 Independent Evolutionary Lineages recognised.
• Two Phylogenetic Species identified in the Fusarium oxysporum Species Complex.
• Important implications for agriculture and fungal evolution.

Fusarium oxysporum is an important plant and human pathogenic ascomycetous group, with near ubiquity in agricultural and non-cultivated ecosystems. Phylogenetic evidence suggests that F. oxysporum is a complex of multiple morphologically cryptic species. Species boundaries and limits of genetic exchange within this complex are poorly defined, largely due to the absence of a sexual state and the paucity of morphological characters. This study determined species boundaries within the F. oxysporum species complex using Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) with eight protein coding loci. GCPSR criteria were used firstly to identify independent evolutionary lineages (IEL), which were subsequently collapsed into phylogenetic species. Seventeen IELs were initially identified resulting in the recognition of two phylogenetic species. Further evidence supporting this delineation is discussed.