Factors affecting the health of residents in China: A perspective based on the living environment

Residents’ health is an important factor affecting social development and harmony. Based on 2010 China Family Panel Studies data of the Institute of Social Science Survey, Peking University and using a multi-classification logit regression model, we analyze the factors that affect the health status of residents in China. These factors include environmental pollution, which is a particularly important factor. Our study found that the impacts of residents’ characteristic variables, external living environment, and living habits vary. As residents age, their health status deteriorates. For the General, Less healthy, and Unhealthy groups, an income of less than CNY 10,000 significantly affects health status; however, when their income is greater than CNY 10,000, it no longer has a significant effect. For the Very unhealthy group, this particular threshold value is CNY 3000. At least one of urban–rural classification and residence registration status is significant, indicating that the urban–rural dual structure as well as the household registration system significantly affects residents’ health status. However, the direction of this effect is uncertain. Cooking water significantly affects the Less healthy and Unhealthy groups, and tap water is more conducive to health. Polluting enterprises within a radius of five kilometers mainly affect the Unhealthy group, but the direction of its impact is contrary to expectations. Smoking and drinking significantly affect the health status of the General, Less healthy, and Unhealthy groups. However, the direction of their impact was contrary to expectations. For the Very unhealthy group, drinking has a significant impact on residents’ health status, but the direction of the impact was again the opposite of what we expected. Smoking has no significant impact on the health status of this group. Exercise significantly affects the Less healthy and Unhealthy groups, but its influence has no obvious trend. Our study shows that living habits have a smaller influence on residents’ health status.