On the evidence of an Allee effect in herring populations and consequences for population survival: A model-based study

► We propose a deterministic model for strong Allee and its stochastic. ► Model validated using two datasets from Global Population Dynamics Database. ► Estimation of parameters: NLS, bootstrap, grid search. ► Estimation of probability of extinction and expected time to extinction. ► Comparative discussion on the use of the statistical methods.